There are 4 EV charging methods, typically referred to as ‘Modes’.
This is an early version which connects to standardised socket outlets up to 16 amps. Either a standard 3-pin plug or a blue commando socket (like you may see on a caravan mains hook-up) is used to connect to the EV.
Mode 1 has no inline RCD protection or DC earth leakage detection and doesn’t usually use a dedicated supply.
Due to the lack of protection Mode 1 is no longer a mainstream technology for EV charging.
Similar to Mode 1 in that it uses a regular non-dedicated single-phase socket outlet to charge, it provides charging currents of 10 amps or less.
Unlike Mode 1 it has an inline cable control box (ICCB) which protects the user against electric shocks.
These are often supplied with an EV car as a spare or back-up charger and may be referred to as ‘Granny chargers’.
These are ok for short usage only. They may overload shared circuits and due to their slow charging rates they need to be plugged in for up to 24 hours which can cause heat build up in the plug and socket.
These chargers often require the use of extension leads which cause a tripping hazard.
If you’re considering using a Mode 2 for continued use, please don’t. Not only will it take a long time to charge but it’ll put an unnecessary strain on your existing circuitry and outlet(s).
This is the domestic EV charger mode which is connected to its own dedicated circuit and as a result can charge at higher rates, up to 7.4 kW single-phase and 22kW three-phase.
Mode 3 chargers are what’s known as fast EV chargers, which can easily charge your car overnight using the domestic AC supply.
These now have built-in safety devices such as O-PEN fault protection, RCD protection and security features such as locking the EV charger cable plug when in use to prevent the car being disconnected without authorisation.
These are available tethered (have a lead from the EV charger with a plug on the end) or un-tethered with a plug socket on the end depending on your preference.
This is the most efficient and quickest way to charge an EV, hence they’re known as rapid EV chargers.
An AC supply is converted into DC within the EV charger itself and not the on-board charger.
As a result of bypassing the on-board charger the battery can charge at a far higher rate and achieve a higher range and/or a reduced charging time.
Mode 4 are not suitable for domestic installation and can be found at EV charging service stations, fuel stations, commercial workplaces etc where there is a larger power supply available.
